Fst 7 Refined Torrent

Materials and Methods

Study Area and Study Species

We compare the genetic structure and relationships of the Columbia and southern complexes of torrent salamanders, Rhyacotriton kezeri and R. australis, and the northern and southern complexes of torrent salamanders, R. maculatus and R. variegatus, respectively. The Columbia torrent salamander complex includes R. kezeri in the Clackamas River basin of southwest Washington and northwest Oregon, R. variegatus in the Clackamas River basin, and R. australis in the Columbia River basin in western Oregon and southern Washington. The southern torrent salamander complex includes R. australis in the Clackamas River basin, R. maculatus in the Columbia River basin, and the northern torrent salamander complex includes R. maculatus in the Clark Fork River basin in Washington, which is south of the Columbia River basin in the northern extent of R. maculatus' range.

Here, we test whether landscape genetic patterns are similar across these species across portions of their divergent ranges. We also test for species-specific differences in genetic structure that are related to the degree of forest habitat fragmentation and the presence of roads. We used a comparative landscape genetic approach to compare the genetic relationships among individuals in the Columbia torrent salamander complex (C, R. kezeri, and R. variegatus) with those of the southern torrent salamander complex (R. australis and the northern torrent salamander complex, R. maculatus). We used several landscape genetic metrics to evaluate the relative importance of habitat fragmentation and human-induced barriers, as well as genetic connectivity, in shaping the overall patterns of genetic differentiation. We also used association tests to identify individual-level effects of landscape context (land cover) and roads on genetic differentiation. The results of this study will aid in informing conservation efforts for this geographically and ecologically diverse group of salamanders.

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